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Hamstring strains are a common injury amongst pole dancers and can have a significant impact on training. They happen when the hamstring muscles are stretched too far or forced to work too hard such as during sprinting, jumping, sudden direction changes, kicking, picking/lifting something up or during deep stretches. The good news is, with proper care and training, these injuries can be prevented and/or managed.
The signs and symptoms of a hamstring strain can vary based on severity. In general, you might experience sharp pain at the back of the thigh, tenderness on palpation and difficulty activating the hamstring during exercises or movements. There could also be swelling and tightness, particularly in the muscle belly.
In acute injuries, you may notice difficulty weight-bearing, leading to an abnormal “stiff-legged” gait, as the body tries to avoid flexing the hip or knee.
The hamstrings are a group of three muscles located at the back of your thigh. Theyโre made up of:
Together, these muscles are responsible for flexing (bending) the knee and extending the hip. They also help stabilise the pelvis and control movement at both joints. The biceps femoris also helps with external rotation of the hip and knee, while the semimembranosus and semitendinosus help with internal rotation. So, your hamstrings are pretty busy muscles! Because they cross two joints, the hamstrings are vulnerable to strain due to the opposing forces they face when you flex your hip and straighten your knee at the same time.
In pole, overstretching injuries typically occur when you’re in a position that combines hip flexion and knee extension โ think of moves where you’re kicking, splitting, bending forwards, drops, etc.
These overstretching injuries can take longer to heal compared to those from high-speed moves, such as running. Itโs important to take these injuries seriously, as they can cause long-term limitations in both your practice and performance. But with the right rehab, strengthening exercises, and a smart training routine, you can minimise your risk and get back to dancing pain-free.
Pole dancing is demanding on your body, especially when it comes to your hips and hamstrings. To hit those impressive straddles and splits, your hamstrings are stretched to their limits. Your hamstrings needs to be able to generate quick, explosive force for those high-speed tricks and drops. When mobility, strength or technique isn’t on point, the risk of injury increases, just like if you have a big active-passive flexibility gap or don’t warm up properly. Additionally, the repetitive nature of some pole moves, often performed predominantly on one side of the body, can lead to muscle imbalances that put extra strain on the hamstrings. All of these factors combine to create a perfect storm for a potential injury.
Unfortunately there is no research specifically on hamstring injuries in pole dancers, however some risk factors identified in other athletes could be relevant in pole too. Studies have shown that injuries are often multifactorial, meaning thereโs no single cause. Some other potential causes and risk factors include:
Given how multifactorial hamstring injuries are, the best approach to preventing them is a combination of strength, flexibility and technique. Focusing on building your hamstring strength, particularly including nordic hamstring curls, improving your active flexibility and correcting any muscle imbalances can significantly reduce your chances of injury. If you notice that one side of your body is stronger or more flexible than the other, work to balance this out to avoid putting extra strain on your hamstrings. A solid warm-up is crucial, as is ensuring you’re not overtraining or pushing your body too hard without allowing time for recovery. Be mindful of your technique, especially when performing complex or dynamic tricks. Make sure that you are ready and earned the trick you’re attempting. Listen to your body, if you’re tired, it might not be a good idea pushing yourself to your end range.
When diagnosing a hamstring strain injury, pole dancers often present with sudden, sharp pain in the posterior thigh during activity and often associated with a “popping” or “tearing” sensation. There may also be visible bruising. This pain typically worsens when the hamstring is stretched or activated and muscle tenderness is common on palpation. However, in some cases of complete tears, the pain and tenderness may be less noticeable. Weakness with bending the knee or extending the hip and loss of function is also often observed, especially during dynamic moves that involve the hamstring muscles and/or walking.
Grade | Description | Symptoms |
---|---|---|
Grade 1 | Mild strain with microscopic tearing | Minimal pain, tightness, usually no strength loss |
Grade 2 | Partial tear of the muscle fibres | Moderate pain, swelling, possible bruising, reduced strength and flexibility |
Grade 3 | Complete rupture of the muscle or tendon | Severe pain, significant swelling and bruising, major strength loss, sometimes a palpable gap |
For Grades I and II strains, the focus should be on restoring function with a progressive exercise program.
For Grade III injuries, a referral for further assessment and management considering surgical intervention is needed.
Imaging is not required for diagnosing Grade I or II hamstring injuries, as these can be identified through clinical examination. However, a scan is recommended when a Grade III injury is suspected, to assess the extent of the tear and assist with treatment planning.
Hamstring injuries, if not appropriately managed, can lead to long-term complications:
Hamstring injuries are common in various sports, and although specific statistics for pole dancers arenโt readily available, we know from other athletic populations that hamstring injuries can occur at a rate of 1.2โ4 per 1000 hours of exposure. In sports like football, approximately 22% of players sustain a hamstring injury each season, leading to an average recovery time of 24 days. For pole dancers, an unpublished study found 19% of injuries affected the hips and hamstrings. Exact diagnosis wasn’t available. One responded stated they ‘pulled their hamstrings during warm up.’ Another study by Nicholas et al. in 2022 concluded that 11.7% of all pole dance related injuries involved the thigh, majority of them being the hamstrings. All of these injuries involved front splits.
Including exercises for the lumbar spine, sacroiliac joint, pelvic alignment and posture control mechanisms can significantly speed up recovery and prevent re-injury.
In female athletes, an increased anterior pelvic tilt has been linked to a higher risk of hamstring strains. This is because the hamstrings attach to the ischial tuberosities of the pelvis, and when the pelvis tilts forward, the hamstrings are placed in a lengthened position. Additionally, this tilt also lengthens the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles, as they have attachments to the femur and pelvis. Weakness in these muscles leads to greater reliance on the hamstrings, increasing their vulnerability to injury. Stronger hip abductors and external rotators in female athletes, are associated with a lower risk of lower extremity injuries.
Additionally, activation of the transverse abdominis to stabilise the pelvis and lumbar spine, while minimising anterior pelvic tilt, has been shown to enhance glute strength. This pelvic stabilisation is helpful for controlling movement patterns that could otherwise overextend or overload the hamstrings.
To prevent hamstring strains, strong and mobile muscles in the hamstrings, glutes, abductors, and core stabilisers are essential. These muscle groups work together to prevent overstretching, overuse, imbalances, and compensations that can lead to injury. Focus on developing strength and control throughout the entire range of motion, especially at the end ranges and incorporate a mix of eccentric, isometric and dynamic exercises to build resilience, flexibility and strength.
Effective rehab for hamstring strains plays a critical role in ensuring a safe and efficient return to pole training and performance. In the initial phase of injury, therapeutic modalities such as ice, heat or electrical stimulation can be used to control pain and swelling. Once the acute phase has passed, neural tissue mobilization may help reduce adhesions to surrounding tissues, allowing for a smoother rehabilitation process.
Research indicates that lengthening hamstring exercisesโparticularly those involving eccentric trainingโlead to the fastest return to play and lower reinjury rates compared to traditional hamstring exercises. It’s essential to ensure full recovery of flexibility and endurance before returning to activity, as reinjury is common when these factors are not fully addressed.
Injuries with greater damage tend to have longer recovery times and higher reinjury rates, with mean return to training times ranging from 23 to 45 days and reinjury rates between 9.1% and 63.3% in other sports.
Before returning to pole, the injured hamstring should have regained approximately 90% of its strength compared to the unaffected leg.
Rehabilitation Times by Injury Grade:
You should see a physiotherapist or sports injury specialist if:
Hamstring injuries are not just about overstretching. They’re complex, multi-layered injuries that often reflect an imbalance between what the body is asked to do and what it’s capable of handling.
For pole dancers, prevention should focus on:
There may not be much pole-specific data yet, but these principles from broader research still apply. And as pole continues to grow as a sport, so should our understanding of how to keep dancers strong, flexible and injury-free.
If your hamstring’s giving you grief, why not book a session with a physio who understands the unique demands of pole dancing? The team at Polisthenics is here to help. And donโt forget to follow us for more and to share this post!
Disclaimer: This post is for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment tailored to your needs.
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Danielsson, A. et al. (2020). ‘The mechanism of hamstring injuries – a systematic review’, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21, 641. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526261/ [Accessed 22 April 2025].โ
Freckleton, G and Pizzari, T. (2013). ‘Risk factors for hamstring muscle strain injury in sport: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47, pp. 351โ358. Available at: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/47/6/351 [Accessed 22 April 2025].โ
Green, B. et al. (2020). ‘Recalibrating the risk of hamstring strain injury (HSI): a 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis of risk factors for index and recurrent hamstring strain injury in sport’, British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54, pp.1081โ1088. Available at: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/54/18/1081 [Accessed 22 April 2025].โ
Hickey, JT. et al. (2021). ‘Hamstring strain injury rehabilitation’, Journal of Athletic Training, 57(2), pp. 125โ135. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8876884/ [Accessed 22 April 2025].โ
Martin, RL. et al. (2022). ‘Hamstring strain injury in athletes’, Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 52(3), pp. CPG1-CPG44. Available at: https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2022.0301 [Accessed 22 April 2025].
Nicholas, J. et al. (2022). ‘Incidence, mechanisms, and characteristics of injuries in pole dancers: a prospective cohort study’, Medical Problems of Performing Artists, 37(3), pp. 151โ164. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36053493/ [Accessed 22 April 2025].
O’Sullivan, L, Preszler, J and Tanaka, M. (2022). ‘Hamstring injury rehabilitation and prevention in the female athlete’, International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 17(6), pp. 1184-1193. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9528714/ [Accessed 22 April 2025].โ
Poudel, B and Pandey, S. (2023). ‘Hamstring injury’ StatPearls [Internet]. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558936/ [Accessed 22 April 2025].โ
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